词汇是语言学习中重要的一环。不管学什么语言或写什么文章,丰富的词汇是不可或缺的要素。然而,许多学习语言的人常常为词汇不足而大伤脑筋。为什么会这样呢?主要原因是他们没有认清学习词汇的正确方向。 其中一个不正确的方向是对字义的认识不够全面。当他们懂得一个生字的其中一个意思时,便高兴得很,好像是完全掌握了这个字似的。比如知道“arm”的意思是“手臂”,就够了吗?那么①和②里的两个意思呢? ① The soldiers are up in arms. ② Riot police armed themselves with batons and tear gas. 另一个不正确的方向是对惯用语等闲视之。许多人只知道生字生词而忽略了各种惯用语的构成和特殊意义,结果对惯用语的应用一知半解或避而远之,这是不对的。学习词汇的正确方向 现在就谈谈学习词汇的两个正确方向。 ●学习单字单词时,要把主要的意思都记起来,并且注意它们的用法。接着要注意每个字的派生词(derivative words)的构成及用法,如:www.yingyusanji.com ① friend→friendly; unfriendly; unfriendliness ② secure→insecure; insecurity satisfied all his teachers. (b) He has done everything satisfactorily. (c) His work is satisfactory. (d) Has he done everything to the satisfaction of his parents, too? 如果可能的话,可以把意思相近的字集合起来,通过联想去学习并区别它们在句子中的用法有何不同。有可能的话,顺便把合成词( compound words)也兼收并蓄。 ●必须在常用惯用语上下功夫。一般人只知生字,不大留意惯用语的存在,更不去多管惯用语的类别及构成法。比如英语惯用语中最主要的一种是片语动词(phrasal verbs),数量很多,必须尽量学习和运用,会话或写作都适合。例如: ① I have to brush up (on) my economics for tomorrow's test.(温习) ② Seeing that there was much work to do, Henry decided to call off his European trip.(取消) ③ Can the government do away with some outdated systems?(废除) 除了片语动词之外,其他类型的惯用语也要加强,包括下列 5 种短语: Ⅰ. 介词短语,如:in a nutshell; by leaps and bounds; under the weather; for the time being. Ⅱ. 动词短语,如:act as a brake on; Keep tabs on; make a clean breast of; get out of the rut. Ⅲ. 名词短语,如:child's play; a feather in one's cap; a feast for the eyes. Ⅳ. 形容词短语;如:regular as clockwork; palatable to; compatible with; short of; few and far between. Ⅴ. 谚语和成语,如:all is well that ends well; give him an inch and he will take an ell; never say die; strike while the iron is hot; the early bird catches the worm. 来源:成人英语三级考试网
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